Abstract
The Will Odham site (ET-713) was recorded by Gus E. Arnold in March 1940 under the auspices of the WPA-sponsored archaeological survey of East Texas. The site was on an alluvial rise in the Big Turnpike Creek valley; Big Turnpike Creek is a tributary to Mud Creek in the Angelina River basin in the East Texas Pineywoods (Figure 1). The J. B. Maxwell site (41CE43), also recorded by Arnold, lies ca. 600 m northwest of the Odham site (Perttula 2017). Archaeological deposits were estimated to cover a 5 acre area, but were concentrated in a ca. 60 m diameter area. These deposits had animal bone, mussel shells, ceramic vessel sherds, ground stone tools, and human skeletal materials. Burials had been reported to have been plowed up previously by the landowner in the eastern half of the site; the only known funerary objects reported associated with these burials were ceramic pipes.
Highlights
Introduction and Setting The WillOdham site (ET-713) was recorded by Gus E
These various ceramic types indicate that the Will Odham site as occupied at some point during the Late Caddo period Frankston phase
Ceramic attribute data, including the proportion of brushed sherds among all the decorated sherds, plain/decorated sherd ratios, brushed to plain sherd ratios, and brushed to other wet paste sherds ratio, from the Will Odham site suggest that the overall character of the assemblage is stylistically and socially related to both Neche cluster (Table 3) and upper Neches cluster (Table 4) sites in East Texas
Summary
The large assemblage of ceramic vessel sherds from the Will Odham site is comprised principally of sherds in all three wares from grog-tempered vessels (Table 1). The plain to decorated sherd ratio in the ceramic assemblage is 0.94. More than 91 percent of the decorated sherds are from utility wares, and 57.5 percent of the decorated sherds have either brushed, brushed-incised, brushed-incised-punctated (Figure 2a-2b), or brushed-punctated decorative elements 7DEOH IURP%XOODUG%UXVKHGYHVVHOVDVZHOODVXQW\SHGXWLOLW\ZDUHYHVVHOVWKUHHRIWKHEUXVKHG incised sherds with incised lines overlying the brushing marks may be from Spradley Brushed-Incised vessels, an East Texas Caddo ceramic type thought to have been made and used in post-A.D. 1680 times. The brushed to plain sherd ratio in the Will Odham site ceramic assemblage is 0.61, and the brushed to RWKHUZHWSDVWHVKHUGVUDWLRLV7KHIHZÀQHZDUHVKHUGVKDYHHLWKHUHQJUDYHG SHUFHQWRIDOOWKH decorated sherds) or red-slipped (0.2 percent) decorative elements (Table 2). Selected decorative elements on utility ware sherds from the Will Odham site
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