The Anatomy of Working Memory and Its Utility in Criminal Investigations

Abstract

Interest into the area of working memory has increased in recent years. However, there is a lack of empirical exploration regarding how memory contributes directly to forensic investigations. It is suggested a more complete analysis of the nuances involved with working memory is needed in order to bridge the gap between past human behavior and criminogenic outcomes. Practitioners of cognitive, applied, and police psychology have generally asserted that memory is malleable; meaning retrieval outcomes relative to the brain are both delicate and prone to inaccuracies. Yet, the concept of memory has proven to be a staple of the criminal justice system. It is memory that oftentimes serves as the impetus for the advancement of a valid defense to prosecution. Conversely, the accurate, corroborated retrieval of past events can lead to the successful imprisonment of a violent offender. This paper examines the neural bases of memory, and discusses how forensic professionals can enhance the efficacy of retrieval within interview contexts. False and repressed memories will be discussed due to their relevance in criminal investigations. Age considerations and clinical pathology affecting memory will be appraised, as will a section detailing procedural safeguards for practitioners when interviewing involves a memory component.