Abstract
Cadaver-detection dogs are employed by law enforcement agencies to locate human remains in cases of missing persons, suspected homicides and following natural or man-made disasters. The ability of cadaver-detection dogs to locate human remains relies heavily on the use of effective and reliable training aids. Cadaver-detection dogs may be trained using a variety of materials ranging from natural scent sources (e.g. flesh, bone, blood or decomposition soil) to synthetic materials (e.g. Pseudo™ Scents). Commercially available synthetic scents often have an overly simplistic chemical composition that is inconsistent with decomposition odour. Therefore, natural scent sources are typically considered to be the most effective training aids; however, there is concern that using individual tissue types as natural training aids may not be indicative of the scent of an intact human cadaver. The objective of this work was to determine how well textiles associated with decomposing remains retain and mimic the odour of natural training aids. To test this, the chemical odour profile of textile samples collected from decomposing porcine remains that were buried clothed in 100% cotton t-shirts was examined. Throughout various stages of decomposition, the pig carcasses were exhumed and cotton samples were obtained. The volatile organic compound (VOC) profile of the textiles was collected using headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and analysed using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography – time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS). This study provides evidence that textiles associated with decomposing remains may represent a useful natural training aid with a VOC profile reflective of a large subset of cadaveric decomposition odour. The odour profile is dynamic and changes over time suggesting that obtaining textiles from different postmortem intervals would be useful for providing training aids that represent the full spectrum of decomposition odour that cadaver-detection dogs may encounter during a search. This information is particularly beneficial for law enforcement agencies searching for effective and reliable cadaver-detection dog training aids.
Highlights
The innate ability of canines to locate and hunt prey makes them an ideal candidate for use as a scentdetection tool
The odour profile is dynamic and changes over time suggesting that obtaining textiles from different postmortem intervals would be useful for providing training aids that represent the full spectrum of decomposition odour that cadaver-detection dogs may encounter during a search
The pig carcasses buried clothed in 100% cotton t-shirts were exhumed after 1, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months of burial for the observation and collection of textile samples
Summary
The innate ability of canines to locate and hunt prey makes them an ideal candidate for use as a scentdetection tool Both wild and domesticated canines have a natural ability to detect the scent of their prey [1], an ability that can be used to train canines towards almost any desired scent. Cadaver-detection dogs are specially trained canines employed by law enforcement agencies to locate human remains in cases of missing persons believed dead, suspected homicides and following natural or man-made disasters. These canines evolved when handlers observed that the search and rescue dogs, trained to locate living humans, would lose their tracking ability once the individual was no longer alive, causing their scent to change [3]. Cadaver-detection dogs are still currently one of the preferred search methods for the localisation of human remains as they can cover large areas rapidly and can work both day and night [4,5]
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