The analysis of oral air using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry in persons with and without a history of oral malodour

Abstract

Oral malodour is a common disorder predominantly caused by bacterial metabolism of food stuffs in the mouth. It is routinely diagnosed and monitored by either the subjective rating or the measurement of oral volatile sulphur compound (VSC) levels. Non-sulphur compounds are also believed to contribute significantly to the condition although there is currently no direct means to assess their levels. In this study, we utilized selective flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) to measure, in real time, a range of sulphur and non-sulphur containing compounds in oral air to determine whether the technique can be used to objectively monitor oral malodour. Oral malodour was assessed using organoleptic scores in subjects with and without a history of oral malodour (n = 18) by a trained rater, while the chemical composition of oral air was analysed by both VSC sensor and SIFT-MS. Total VSC levels were significantly correlated with levels of hydrogen sulphide and methylmercaptan measured by SIFT-MS, but not with organoleptic scores. In subjects with elevated organoleptic score, only levels of methylmercaptan were significantly elevated. In three subjects with elevated tongue organoleptic scores but normal total VSC levels, SIFT-MS suggested that one subject possessed high levels of oral acetone while another had high oral levels of acetic acid. Our data suggest that SIFT-MS can be used to assess a wide range of compounds in oral air in addition to VSC to provide a clearer picture of the chemical nature of malodour. This may assist in the diagnosis and monitoring of the condition.