The analysis of biological ways of restoration of the oil-contaminated soils

Abstract

The aim of the article was the analysis of modern biological methods of restoration of oil-contaminated soils and possibilities of their use at the early stages of elimination of oil-contamination. The effective biological ways of restoration of contaminated soils include bioremediation and phytoremediation. The methods of bioremediation provide the activization of existing microflora by creation of optimal conditions at the expanse of tillage, mellowing, introduction of mineral manures, sorbents and other or use of microorganisms-oil-destructors, introduced in contamined soil in significant amounts. Bioremediation utilizes the oil hydrocarbons rather successfully. But this method has a series of disadvantages, especially – many stages, high cost prices, conditioned by additional expenditures for preparatory works and for creation of the optimal conditions of bioremediation. At the same time the artificial introduction of microorganisms in oil-contaminated soils is connected with certain biological risk. The methods of phytoremediation are effective and attractive because of their naturaless, eco-friendliness, easiness and economy, are characterized with longer influence and stable improvement of environmental situation. The analysis of literary data demonstrated that the prospective plants for restoration of oil-contaminated soils are legumes, able to assimilate the nitrogen of atmosphere, perennial herbal plants and stable arboreal species, able to symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing microorganisms. The analysis of the literary sources of biological ways of restoration of oil-contaminated soils indicates the prospectiveness of phytoremediation methods using perennial actinorhizal plants, especially sea buckthorn that can be used independently for restoration of oil-contaminated soils. This methos is characterized with economy, esthetics, relative easiness of realization, possibility of usage on big areas and prolongation of effect. Phytoremediation of oil-contaminated soils using sea buckthorn alongside with cleansing of pollutants provides the improvement of physical-chemical and biological properties of soil, prevents erosion, restrains the penetration of harmful substances in air, soil and underground water that provides the stable restoration of natural ecosystems