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Abstract
Oldenlandia hedyotidea (DC.) Hand.-Mazz (OH), also known as sweet tea, is a valuable functional food with medicinal properties and is used for the treatment of cold, cough, gastroenteritis, heatstroke, herpes zoster, and rheumatoid arthritis. The phytochemicals in plant-based foods are responsible for the occurrence of these diseases to some extent. However, there is a scarcity of information on the chemical components of OH. We, therefore, aimed to investigate the phytochemical components of OH using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) and UHPLC triple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Triple-TOF-MS). The main component of the OH extract, asperulosidic acid, was additionally quantified using UHPLC with ultraviolet detection (UHPLC-UV). The anticancer activity of the OH extract was assessed by a cell proliferation assay and a scratch assay using an esophageal cancer cell line. Ten compounds were tentatively identified in the aqueous extract of OH, including five iridoids, two anthraquinones, and one phenolic acid. The content of asperulosidic acid in the aqueous extract of OH was approximately 42 μg ml−1, and the extract exerted definite in vitro anticancer effects. The results can be used for quality control and assessment of the OH extract, which can serve as a promising source of functional ingredients for potential use in the food and drug industries.
Highlights
It is used for the treatment of cold, cough, gastroenteritis, heatstroke, herpes zoster, and rheumatoid arthritis (Peng et al, 1998)
In the period of establishing analytic procedure on an LCMS2020 system, we explored temperature (30, 40, and 50°C), different chromatographic column (InfinityLab Poroshell 120 Esophageal cancer (EC)-C18 column of Agilent, 4.6 × 100 mm, 2.2 μm, and Accucore C18 column of Thermo, 2.1 × 50 mm, 2.6 μm), different mobile phase, and different pH (2.8 of 0.1% HCOOH, 2.9 of 0.05% HCOOH, 6.2 of 0.01 mol/L HCOONH4, and 8.4 of H2O) by comparing the data of chromatograms under different conditions visually
The correlation coefficient (r2) of asperulosidic acid (r2 0.9990) showed a satisfactory linearity of the developed method (Table 6). These results showed that the developed method was precise and accurate for the quantitative estimation of asperulosidic acid in Oldenlandia hedyotidea (DC.) Hand.-Mazz (OH)
Summary
Hedyotis hedyotidea (DC.) Merr., Niubaiteng in Chinese; Rubiaceae is cultivated in the south of China, including the Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Fujian, and Taiwan provinces, and yields a herbal tea. It is used for the treatment of cold, cough, gastroenteritis, heatstroke, herpes zoster, and rheumatoid arthritis (Peng et al, 1998). We determined the anticancer activity of the aqueous extract of OH by a cell proliferation assay and a scratch assay using an esophageal cancer cell line. The chromatogram fingerprints revealed that asperulosidic acid was the main component in the aqueous extract of OH. Asperulosidic acid was subsequently quantified by UHPLC-UV, and the UHPLC-UV method developed was validated by measuring the accuracy, precision, specificity, linearity, and range according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (CH.P), 2015, chapter 9101 (similar to USP)
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