Abstract
In I714 the Elector of Hannover, Georg Ludwig, became George I of England. Hannover continued to be ruled by the English kings until i837 when it was established as an independent monarchy. During this period of dual reign, the affairs of the English throne quite naturally had a profound effect upon the opinions of Hannoverian authorities and their conduct of state business. Thus, in a report dated November 7, I776, the Privy Councilors (Geheime Rdte) in Hannover lamented the fact that, we, also, must consider ourselves at war with the rebellious American colonies, for they have risen against their lawful king, George III.1 Documents preserved in the Hannover State Archives reveal that on at least two occasions American efforts to obtain contraband goods in Hannover involved the electorate directly in the war. The first incident occurred in the summer of 1776. On September 4, a courier from the Secretary of the British Counsul-General in Hamburg, Emmanuel Matthias, delivered the following report to the Hannoverian authorities in the city of Stade:
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