Abstract
In April 2021, at a Congressional Ways and Means Committee hearing regarding proposed national investments in water infrastructure,1 a pediatrician (M.H.A.) held up a lead pipe excavated from the Flint home of Oscar and Elizabeth Brown. In the 1950s, Mr and Mrs Brown moved from Mississippi to Flint as part of the Great Migration. Fleeing the racism and oppression of Jim Crow south, millions of African Americans moved to cities like Flint, Detroit, and Chicago. They were hoping to find that elusive American Promise, hoping to build a foundation of prosperity, opportunity, and equality for their children and grandchildren that was not afforded to them or their ancestors.
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