Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the effects of methanolic red carrot extract (MRCE) against cadmium intoxication on testis of adult Wister albino male rats. For that purpose, forty eight Wister albino male rats were randomly divided into four groups (12 rats per group). Group 1 (normal control), animals received corn oil. Group 2 (cadmium group), animals received cadmium chloride (CdCl2) at a dose of (5 mg/ kg BW). Group 3 (cadmium &Vit. E group), animals received vitamin E at a dose of (400mg/kg BW) and CdCl2at a dose of (5 mg/kg BW). Group 4 (cadmium & red carrot extract, animals received methanol: water red carrot extract (1:1) at a dose of 400 mg/kg and CdCl2 at a dose of (5 mg/kg BW). All rats were received their corresponding treatment orally by gastric gavage daily for 4 weeks. Result of organ weight analysis in Cd –exposed rats showed a decrease in testes weight. On the contrary, MRCE and vitamin E prophylactic co-treatments with cadmium showed significant increase in testis weights in comparison to cadmium group (P<0.05). Moreover, sperm concentrations were reduced markedly with cadmium while they were upturned greatly after prophylactic co-treatment with either MRCE or vitamin E (P<0.05). Moreover, cadmium induced a significant increase in testicular malondialdehyde (MDA) and significant decrease of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) but both MRCE and vitamin E supplementation succeeded markedly to produce a significant reduction in testicular MDA and noticeable increase of TAC level. Thus, MRCE and vitamin E could be considered optimal prophylactic treatments to protect the testis of rats from cadmium intoxication.
Highlights
Cadmium is a heavy metal, which is widely used in industry, affecting human health through occupational and environmental exposure
In this study cadmium treatment induced lipid peroxidation in testicular lipid membranes and this resulted in oxidative stress and increased tissue levels of lipid peroxide which was proven by an increased level of testicular malondialdehyde "MDA" which is considered one of the most common indicators of oxidative stress
Rats that were coadminstered with cadmium and either Vitamin E or Methanolic red carrot extract (MRCE) showed a significant decrease of testicular MDA level compared to the cadmium treated ones and this result agrees with the result of Burton (1989)
Summary
Cadmium is a heavy metal, which is widely used in industry, affecting human health through occupational and environmental exposure. It exerts multiple toxic effects and has been classified as a human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Differentiation, apoptosis and other cellular activities (El-Demerdash et al, 2004). International and governmental agencies have made efforts to control and lower the cadmium exposure to the general public in recent years. It may cause severe damage to embryos and the reproductive organs in adults including the ovary and testes, which are sensitive to cadmium toxicity (Thompson and Bannigan, 2008). Cadmium may account for the recent declining fertility associated with reduced sperm count and testis function in men in developed countries (Siu et al, 2009)
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