The ameliorating effect of some immune-stimulants on bursal and tracheal lesions of broiler chickens challenged with ND virus

Marwa F Ali,Moemen A Mohamed,Mohamed S Abdel Hafez

doi:10.1186/s41936-019-0073-7

Marwa F Ali, Moemen A Mohamed + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s41936-019-0073-7

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Abstract

BackgroundNowadays, immuno-stimulants have great importance in improving the immune system and minimising the effect of infectious diseases in poultry flocks. This study was designed to demonstrate the impact of using different immune-stimulants on the reduction of the harmful implications of virulent ND virus through evaluation of histopathological lesion scores on bursa and trachea of vaccinated and infected broiler chickens with Newcastle disease (ND).ResultsEighty Ross breed broiler chicks at the age of 1 day were randomly divided into four groups, each group formed of 20 birds. Group I was vaccinated against AI, ND and IBD and used as a control. Groups II, III and IV were immunised as group I and also had immuno-stimulant supplement, Imutrix® (oregano oils plus ß-glucan), Evit liquid® (Vitamin E plus selenium) and Immunair 17.5 (Propionibacterium acnes and E. coli lipopolysaccharides), respectively. All groups were experimentally infected with virulent ND virus at the age of 28 days. The morbidity rates for groups I, II, III and IV were 15%, 5%, 5% and 10% respectively. Histopathological examination of bursa revealed hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles in group I which became more evident in groups II, III and IV. Group III showed hyperplasia of tracheal epithelium with lymphocytes and heterophils infiltration in lamina propria. CD79A-positive cells were significantly higher in bursa of group III in comparison to other groups during an immunohistochemical examination.ConclusionIt was concluded that Evit liquid® (vitamin E plus selenium) supplementation might have potent immunomodulatory effect in chickens.

Highlights

Nowadays, immuno-stimulants have great importance in improving the immune system and minimising the effect of infectious diseases in poultry flocks
– Birds of all groups were vaccinated against Avian influenza (AI) (Nobilis, H5N2), and vaccination was given one S/C shot at the 5th day of age using killed H5N2) Newcastle disease (ND) via drinking water was administered at the 7th day of age (HB1, Pfizer Co.), 15th day of age (LaSota, Pfizer) and at 22nd day of age, and at the 13th day of age with intermediate strain vaccine of Gumboro via drinking water
Trachea The trachea of showed desquamation of tracheal epithelium with a collection of tissue debris and fibrinous material infiltrated with inflammatory cells in the tracheal lumen in some cases (Fig. 3a)

Summary

Introduction

Immuno-stimulants have great importance in improving the immune system and minimising the effect of infectious diseases in poultry flocks. Even with the use of the available vaccines, disease outbreaks are still attacking poultry flocks due to a variety of stresses of intensive production systems, high density, nutritional and antibiotic administration as well as immunosuppression that adversely affect the immune status of the birds (Dhama et al, 2013; Yamuna & Thangavel, 2011). When vaccinated birds are challenged with virulent ND viruses, replication and shedding of the virus occur, so vaccination prevents disease, but not an infection. Oregano essential oils (OEO) are obtained from Origanum vulgare plants (leaves and flowers). Oregano essential oils have good antioxidant effects, which suppress the oxidative reactions that exert on phospholipid membranes (Rhee, Anderson, & Sams, 1996; Walter & Bilkei, 2004). ß-glucans are glucose molecules that considered

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