Abstract
The analysis of microRNA (miRNAs), small, non-coding endogenous RNA, plays a crucial role in oncology. These short regulatory sequences, acting on thousands of messenger RNAs (mRNAs), modulate gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level leading to translational repression or degradation of target molecules. Although their function is required for several physiological processes, such as proliferation, apoptosis and cell differentiation, miRNAs are also responsible for development and/or progression of several cancers, since they may interact with classical tumor pathways. In this review, we highlight recent advances in deregulated miRNAs in cancer focusing on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and provide an overview of the potential use of miRNA in their clinical settings, such as diagnostic and prognostic markers.
Highlights
We mainly focus on the effects of miRNAs in renal cell carcinoma (RCC)
In our study, we found RAF kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) downregulated in RCC patients, no studies have yet evaluated its correlation with miR-23a in miR-155 is involved in numerous cancer types and its upregulation in cell renal renal carcinoma carcinoma (ccRCC)
Among downregulated miRNAs, miR-200b is associated with clinical overall survival and M stage of RCC by targeting Laminin subunit alpha 4 (LAMA4), involved in angiogenesis and tumor metastasis, while miR-508 is associated with proliferation and invasion of RCC by targeting Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) [64,65]
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. RNAse III, and DCGR8, double-stranded RNA binding protein, cleave pri-miRNA in a precursor-miRNA (pre-miRNA) to form a hairpin-like structure of about 70 bases [2]; export, in which pre-miRNA is bound to Exportin 5 and transported into the cytoplasm; and dicing in which pre-miRNA is processed by Dicer, cytoplasmic RNase III, to yield a. It is well known that functional miRNAs can derive from both the 50 and 30 arms of the duplex precursor (miRNA-5p and -3p, respectively), albeit targeting different sequences [5]. Pharmaceuticals 2021, 14, 322 both the 5′and 3′ arms of the duplex precursor (miRNA-5p and -3p, respectively), albeit targeting different sequences [5]
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