Abstract
The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) beginning in October 2004, is a 6-year research project that studies changes of cognition, function, brain structure and function, and biomarkers in elderly controls, subjects with mild cognitive impairment, and subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD). A major goal is to determine and validate MRI, PET images, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/blood biomarkers as predictors and outcomes for use in clinical trials of AD treatments. Structural MRI, FDG PET, C-11 Pittsburgh compound B (PIB) PET, CSF measurements of amyloid β (Aβ) and species of tau, with clinical/cognitive measurements were performed on elderly controls, subjects with mild cognitive impairment, and subjects with AD. Structural MRI shows high rates of brain atrophy, and has high statistical power for determining treatment effects. FDG PET, C-11 Pittsburgh compound B PET, and CSF measurements of Aβ and tau were significant predictors of cognitive decline and brain atrophy. All data are available at UCLA/LONI/ADNI, without embargo. ADNI-like projects started in Australia, Europe, Japan, and Korea. ADNI provides significant new information concerning the progression of AD.
Highlights
IntroductionBecause Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a disorder which affects cognition (especially memory) and leads to dementia, for many years a major focus was the behavioral characterization of the disorder including the development of standardized methods for assessment, diagnosis, and monitoring of progression of clinical symptoms and impairments
Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) results on late MCI (LMCI) subjects replicated rates of conversion in a similar group of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects enrolled using the Petersen criteria in the Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study (ADCS) Vitamin E/Donepezil trial, and the standardized neuropsychological battery used by ADNI is being used by industry and ADCS trials
ADNI has resulted in the provision of a large data base of images, genetic, fluid biomarker, and clinical data that are being used by many investigators and industry
Summary
Because AD is a disorder which affects cognition (especially memory) and leads to dementia, for many years a major focus was the behavioral characterization of the disorder including the development of standardized methods for assessment, diagnosis, and monitoring of progression of clinical symptoms and impairments. The development of FDG PET and MRI in the 1970s has led to an increasingly large body of knowledge about the changes in AD. The Alzheimer’s Imaging Consortium was established as a forum for discussion and exchange of ideas and information concerning using MRI and PET to study AD. The need to develop a large cohort, in which the methods could be compared, became increasingly obvious to all in the field
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