Abstract
Donors have a higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease than the general population. Some mechanisms mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress may be involved as risk factors. The objective of the study was to evaluate the behavior of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers in living renal donors with a 6-month follow-up. A single prospective cohort was performed in 88 renal donors. At the end of the follow-up, the levels of lipoperoxides, 6.52 ± 1.12 mM, and 8-isoprostanes, 63.75 ± 13.28 pg/mL, were lower than before donation, 10.20 ± 3.95 mM (p < 0.001) and 67.54 ± 9.64 pg/mL (p = 0.026), respectively. Initial levels of nitric oxide (NO), 356.09 ± 59.38 μM increased at the end of the follow-up, 467.08 ± 38.74 μM (p < 0.001). It was observed in the final determination of donors decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), 0.74 ± 0.57 U/L and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), 556.41 ± 80.37 nmol, in comparison with the levels obtained in the initial determination, 1.05 ± 0.57 U/L (p < 0.001) and 827.93 ± 162.78 nmol (p < 0.001), respectively. The pro-inflammatory cytokines, Tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 showed no differences at 6 months after donation. The enzyme oxoguanine glycosylase (hOGG1) responsible for repairing oxidative damage to DNA, showed a decrease in its concentration at the end of the study in donor men, 0.40 ± 0.21 ng/mL compared to the initial levels, 0.55 ± 0.32 ng/mL (p = 0.025). The marker, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) exhibited an increase in donor men at the final determination 2.28 ± 1.99 ng/mL, compared to the concentration before donation, 1.72 ± 1.96 ng/mL (p < 0.001). We found significant changes in the markers of the oxidative state with increased NO and 8-OHdG, as well as a significant decrease in the antioxidant defenses SOD, GPx, and in the DNA repair enzyme in living renal donors after 6 months of follow-up.
Highlights
Renal transplantation (RT) is the optimal treatment to improve survival and quality of life in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
We found an increase in body mass index (BMI) and a decrease in systolic blood pressure
Oxidative stress is characterized by the imbalance between the production of oxidants and the consumption of antioxidant defenses present in the body [15]
Summary
Renal transplantation (RT) is the optimal treatment to improve survival and quality of life in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Routine clinical parameters (blood pressure, urinary protein, kidney function, mass/body size at the time of donation) have not been strong predictors of long-term risk in donor populations [2]. Increasing confidence, based on satisfactory short and long-term results from living kidney donors, has led to the inclusion of borderline donors (those with older age, hypertensive in control, low-grade proteinuria, and overweight people) [3]. The short and long term safety of donors is paramount to the continued success of living donation [4]. In 2014, the possibility of presenting an increased risk of developing ESDR was reported in living renal donors, especially those with factors such as race, age, body mass index (BMI), and decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) [6]
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