Abstract
Potassium bromate (PB) is a food enhancer, water disinfection by-product, and a proven carcinogen. It elicits toxicities in the living organism due to exposure and in a dose-dependent manner. The present study discourses the ameliorative efficacy of riboflavin (RF) in PB-administered rodents. The animals were distributed into five treatment groups: control (group I), PB alone (group II, 150 mg/kg), RF alone (group III, 2 mg/kg), PB+RF1 (group IV, 150 mg/kg + 2 mg/kg), and PB+RF2 (group V, 150 mg/kg + 4 mg/kg). After the round of the treatment, the animals were sacrificed to collect their blood and liver samples for the detailed analysis. Group II depicted perturbed liver functions evidenced by altered serum and toxicity markers along with the disturbed redox balance. Also, these biochemical results were found harmonious with histopathological analysis and comet assay. However, group III showed no noticeable alteration in the same parameters, whereas the combination groups (IV and V) exhibited dose-dependent amelioration in the PB-induced toxicities. Interestingly, RF favored apoptosis concomitant with suppressing the necrosis in the PB-challenged groups, as shown by the activity of caspase-3 and lactate dehydrogenase. Histopathological analysis and comet assay further consolidate these results. Hence, RF has significant alleviative property against PB-induced hepatotoxicity in vivo that can be used in the consumer items containing the toxicant.
Highlights
The exposure of humankind to the xenobiotics always poses unknown and undefined biological interactions
Its usage in food products is banned in many countries of the European Union, Canada, and many south American, African, and Asian countries, including India, China, and Sri Lanka, yet it is used in countries like the USA and Japan with certain limitations
Vitamin B2 is a hydrosoluble vitamin. It is an essential vitamin for its role as an intermediary in the metabolism of crucial macromolecules in all living things. It occurs in the two coenzymatic forms—flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin adenine mononucleotide (FMN) in biological systems
Summary
The exposure of humankind to the xenobiotics always poses unknown and undefined biological interactions. PB in various consumer items poses mild to severe toxicity to critical organs, viz., the kidney, liver, and brain in the living systems [5,6,7] It has been categorized as a potential class II B carcinogen for humans (IARC, 1999), while it is a confirmed carcinogen in the experimental animals attributed to its extensive oxidizing property and mutagenicity [7]. It occurs in the two coenzymatic forms—flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin adenine mononucleotide (FMN) in biological systems These flavin proteins participate in almost 100 types of metabolic redox reactions related to BioMed Research International stress response, body development, DNA repair, circadian rhythm, photosensitization, and activation of many vitamins, including folate and pyridoxine in all forms of life [8, 9]. The supplementation of vitamin B2 can protect from the PB-induced hepatotoxicity in rodents in a dose-dependent manner
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
