Abstract
Due to easy vegetative and generative reproduction, the most part of the Cirsium species are considered as common weeds in different kinds of crops, on meadows and pastures. They owe their success in acquiring new area, both morphological and physiological characteristics, such as the production of allelopathic substances. An example the species within of the Cirsium genus, which may have the allelopathic properties, is cabbage thistle C. oleraceum (L.) Scop. It is a common meadow perennial plant, which in disturbed habitats quickly becomes expansive species, eliminating the other components of the flora. Such phenomenon is well-documented on the meadows of the Ojców National Park (Southern Poland). Therefore, it was investigated the effect of aqueous extracts of dried leaves C. oleraceum on seed germination, seedlings growth, the fresh and dry weight and the water content of the seedlings in three meadow species: Trifolium pratense L., Lolium multiflorum Lam. and Dactylis glomerata L. The results showed that C. oleraceum exhibits the allelopathic potential, which may have limited effect on the studied parameters of fodder species, but only when using high concentrations of extracts prepared from the leaves (15% and 20%). D. glomerata was the most sensitive on the C. oleraceum allelopathic substances.
Highlights
Allelopathic compounds are secreted by alive or dead organisms, during the decomposition of organic matter
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of aqueous extracts of dry leaves C. oleraceum on the seeds germination (1), the growth (2), the fresh and dry weight (3) and the water content of the seedlings (4) of the three forage species: Trifolium pratense L. cv ‘Dajana-C/1PL430/09/ 10060/Z47/A’, Lolium multiflorum Lam. cv ‘Mitos-C/1PL 430/09/10060/Z8/A’ and Dactylis glomerata L. cv ‘AthosC/1 DK-13NA0660’
On the extracts of C. oleraceum, the highest energy and power of seeds germination were observed for T. pratense, and the lowest for D. glomerata
Summary
Allelopathic compounds are secreted by alive or dead organisms, during the decomposition of organic matter. The allelopathic substances secreted from the leaves or roots have inhibitory or stimulatory effect on the growth and development of other plants They are produced by plants, in natural ecosystems, and in semi-natural or anthropogenic ecosystems. Leaves are through the entire length of the stalk, but the lower are ragged and significantly larger than the top It prefers wet meadows habitats, tall herb communities, alluvia, the banks of ditches and water reservoirs, especially in fertile, moist and rich in calcium carbonate (Mowszowicz, 1986). 1967 association (Matuszkiewicz, 2006) It may en masse appear in the limestone meadows (Nawara, 2006), causing the gradual elimination of other floristic components.
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