Abstract
This research presents a short historiographical review of the Alash movement. It reflects the researchers’ own version of periodisation of the history of the first Kazakh national party Alash that belonged to the liberal democratic wing. The researchers identify four stages in the history of the movement connected with the main landmarks of its short, yet significant existence. The periods of Alash history are determined based on changes in strategy and tactics, as well as the evolution of its organisational forms (a movement— a party during elections to the Constituent Assembly — the ruling party in the Alash Autonomy and Alash Orda government). A conclusion is made that national parties set forth the conditions and ways of modernisation in the most acceptable forms and combinations for each corresponding nation; possible parallels in the development pathways followed by other national parties in 1918–1920 are pointed out.
Highlights
The Alash party was the first national party in the history of Kazakhstan that committed itself to the restoration of national statehood
A whole series of scientific and publicistic works devoted to the history of the Alash movement and the Alash party has emerged in the modern Kazakh and Russian historiography
We will refrain from providing detailed characteristics of this period, which has been thoroughly described in research literature (Amanzholova, 1994; 2009); the only thing we would like to point out is that this period was marked with the attempts of Alash to find compromise with Soviet Russia and the Bolshevik government, with the wish to consolidate the Kazakh society in the context of a new split, discussions and the fight with UshZhus party that had been created in November 1917
Summary
The Alash party was the first national party in the history of Kazakhstan that committed itself to the restoration of national statehood. Studies of the history of this party started a century ago, as early as in the middle of the 1920s, when the Bolsheviks declared it bourgeois-nationalistic, so the main purpose of such publications was dispelling of the “counter-revolutionary Alash Orda” (Bochagov, 1927; Kenzhin, 1922; Ryskulov, 1984). Notwithstanding the preceding, these publications contained valuable materials – documentary evidence of activities conducted by Alash. The section discusses the materials and methods deployed for this study
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