Abstract
Background: High blood levels of the chemokine eotaxin-1 (CCL11) have recently been associated with aging and dementia, as well as impaired memory and learning in humans. Importantly, eotaxin-1 was shown to pass the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) and has been identified as crucial mediator of decreased neurogenesis and cognitive impairment in young mice after being surgically connected to the vessel system of old animals in a parabiosis model. It thus has to be assumed that differences in eotaxin-1 levels between blood donors and recipients might influence cognitive functions also in humans. However, it is unknown if eotaxin-1 is stable during processing and storage of transfusion blood components. This study assesses eotaxin-1 concentrations in fresh-frozen plasma (FFP), erythrocyte concentrate (EC), and platelet concentrate (PC) in dependence of storage time as well as the donor’s age and gender.Methods: Eotaxin-1 was measured in FFP (n = 168), EC (n = 160) and PC (n = 8) ready-to-use for transfusion employing a Q-Plex immunoassay for eotaxin-1. Absolute quantification of eotaxin-1 was performed with Q-view software.Results: Eotaxin-1 was consistently detected at a physiological level in FFP and EC but not PC. Eotaxin-1 levels were comparable in male and female donors but increased significantly with rising age of donors in both, FFP and EC. Furthermore, eotaxin-1 was not influenced by storage time of either blood component. Finally, eotaxin-1 is subject to only minor fluctuations within one donor over a longer period of time.Conclusion: Eotaxin-1 is detectable and stable in FFP and EC and increases with donor’s age. Considering the presumed involvement in aging and cognitive malfunction, differences in donor- and recipient eotaxin-1 levels might affect mental factors after blood transfusion.
Highlights
Eotaxin-1, is a chemokine that acts as selective chemo-attractant for eosinophil granulocytes (Matthews et al, 1998) and is involved in multiple eosinophil-associated diseases such as atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, asthma, ulcerative colitis as well as in the response to parasitic infections (Chao et al, 2012; Geiger et al, 2013; Waddell et al, 2013)
The present study aims to investigate if erythrocyte concentrate (EC), platelet concentrate (PC), and fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) contains measurable eotaxin-1, if eotaxin-1 concentrations resemble those found in unprocessed blood components, and if eotaxin-1 levels in transfused blood products correlate with the donor’s age or gender, as well as the storage time of the blood products
While eotaxin-1 was detectable only in three out of eight PC, we found measurable eotaxin-1 in 167 of 168 fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and in 160 of 160 EC samples
Summary
Eotaxin-1, ( known as CC-motif chemokine ligand 11, CCL11), is a chemokine that acts as selective chemo-attractant for eosinophil granulocytes (Matthews et al, 1998) and is involved in multiple eosinophil-associated diseases such as atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, asthma, ulcerative colitis as well as in the response to parasitic infections (Chao et al, 2012; Geiger et al, 2013; Waddell et al, 2013). Eotaxin-1 has been implicated in prostate- and ovarian cancer (Levina et al, 2009; Nolen and Lokshin, 2010; Agarwal et al, 2013; Zhu F. et al, 2014; Heidegger et al, 2015), as well as in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis in a non-eosinophil dependent manner (Haley et al, 2000; Zee et al, 2004) Chemokines such as eotaxin-1 have been suggested to act as neuromodulators (Rostene et al, 2007). It has to be assumed that differences in eotaxin-1 levels between blood donors and recipients might influence cognitive functions in humans It is unknown if eotaxin-1 is stable during processing and storage of transfusion blood components. This study assesses eotaxin-1 concentrations in freshfrozen plasma (FFP), erythrocyte concentrate (EC), and platelet concentrate (PC) in dependence of storage time as well as the donor’s age and gender
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