The Afro–Oriental Genus Yaeprimus Sasa et Suzuki (Diptera: Chironomidae: Chironomini): Phylogeny, New Species and Expanded Diagnoses

Wu Han,Jinxing Wei,Xiaolong Lin,Hongqu Tang

doi:10.3390/d12010031

Abstract

Expanded generic diagnoses of all life stages of Yaeprimus Sasa et Suzuki, 2000 (Lunditendipes Harrison, 2000, syn. n.) are given. Yaeprimus tropicus comb. n. is redescribed as an adult based on type material. Additionally, a new species Y. balteatus sp. n. from Oriental China is described based on the adult male and pupa. The phylogenetic position of Yaeprimus within Chironomini and the validity of the new species are explored based on concatenated five genetic markers (18S, 28S, CAD1, CAD4, and COI-3P) through both mixed–model Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods. The results strongly support Yaeprimus as sister to Imparipecten Freeman, 1961, which counters a previously proposed systematical position based solely on morphology.

Highlights

Yaeprimus Sasa et Suzuki, 2000, was established based on adult males of Yaeprimus isigaabeusSasa et Suzuki [1] collected from Ishigaki Island in Japan
Three COI DNA barcodes of new species from adult males clustered into the same BIN
Yaeprimus together with Imparipecten Freeman forms a new clade in both trees, the clade is sister to the assemblage of Chironomus complex, Harnischia complex and Nilothauma Kieffer in Maximum likelihood (ML) tree, while shifts to the assemblage of Polypedilum Kieffer, Endochironomus Kieffer and Stenochironomus Kieffer in Bayesian inference (BI) tree, but either connections to Chironomus or Polypedilum clades without support

Summary

Introduction

Sasa et Suzuki [1] collected from Ishigaki Island in Japan It was revised in detail of all stages by Yamamoto and Yamamoto [2] based on reared associated material. An important diagnostic character that appears to distinguish Lunditendipes from Yaeprimus is the absence of basal setae of the superior volsella according to Harrison’s original description. This is a flawed observation according to the examination of the types materials deposited in ABM by Helen Barber-James. The same character states have been observed on material deposited in ZSM, which were collected from Kruger National Park in north–eastern

Methods

Results

Conclusion