The African traditional religious landscape: An examination of the role of traditional leaders in the fight against HIV and AIDS in Chipinge, Zimbabwe

Joel Marashe

doi:10.4102/ve.v35i1.871

Abstract

This study examines the role of traditional leaders, as custodians of culture, in the fight against infection with the HI virus and the AIDS pandemic in the Chipinge District of Zimbabwe. The research aims to assess traditional leaders� knowledge of HIV and AIDS and its causes. It also examines some traditional practices to determine whether they expose people to HIV and AIDS, and it evaluates the traditional leaders� roles in curbing the pandemic. From a phenomenological standpoint � and grounded in the African traditional religious landscape � the study uses a survey research design. A convenient sample of 18 participants for the study consisted of 3 chiefs and 5 headmen who completed a questionnaire as well as 5 village heads and 5 elders who were interviewed and involved in four focus-group discussions (FGDs) that provided a variety of insightful information. The study identifies promiscuity as a major cause of HIV infection in communities. The results show that traditional leaders discourage barika and kuputsa as being harmful traditional marriage practices. Furthermore, the study indicates that traditional leaders encourage behavioural change amongst the youth and adults alike to curb the spread of HIV and that the pandemic could possibly be contained if government fully empowered the traditional leaders. The research has value in attempting to minimise the spread of HIV if communities discontinue harmful cultural practices. Therefore, donor agencies involved in intervention projects concerning the HIV and AIDS pandemic and government should work closely with traditional leaders who wield considerable power in areas under their jurisdiction to arrest the spread of the HIV and AIDS pandemic in the Chipinge district in Zimbabwe.

Highlights

African Traditional Religion (ATR) is the faith of indigenous African people, and the majority of communities in Africa south of the Sahara desert practise it whilst Islam is the dominant religion in North Africa
The sociological theory is convenient as it is concerned with describing and explaining social behaviour, social structure and interaction in relation to the environment (Haralambos, Holborn & Heald 2004). It is a suitable approach for this research, which endeavours to comprehend the role of traditional leaders in the fight against infection with the HI virus, examine how they care for people with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and assess some traditional marriage practices with a view to determining whether they fuel the transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) amongst the Ndau people of Chipinge
Traditional leadership has been male-dominated from time immemorial, and the status quo remains intact in the Chipinge district

Summary

Introduction

African Traditional Religion (ATR) is the faith of indigenous African people, and the majority of communities in Africa south of the Sahara desert practise it whilst Islam is the dominant religion in North Africa. From a traditional religious perspective, the study aims to examine the interface between traditional leaders, functionaries in traditional religion and a contemporary health challenge – the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). It seeks to examine how traditional leaders in the Chipinge district of Zimbabwe perceive the HIV and AIDS scourge and to reveal their role in the prevention of new HIV infections and the spread of the pandemic in areas under their jurisdiction. This study claims that, perhaps, there are traditional practices that fuel the transmission of the HI virus and, thereby, harm the practitioners that they are supposed to protect

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion