Abstract
The genus Acanthacris Uvarov is revised and four species are recognized: A. aithioptera sp. nov., A. deckeni (Gerstacker), A. elgonensis Sjostedt and A. ruficornis (Fabricius). Acanthacris elgonensis is raised to specific status for the first time. Acanthacris ruficornis is considered as two distinct geographical races: A. r. ruficornis and A. r. citrina (Serville). The following nominal taxa have been synonymized with A. r. ruficornis: A. ruficornis yemenita Uvarov, Gryllus locusta lineatus Stoll and Acridium ruficorne var. subimmaculata Finot. An identification key is provided for males, based largely on external morphological characters combined with those of the phallic complex. All the valid taxa are redescribed. Measurements, figures of genitalia and distribution maps are provided.
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