Abstract
This research aims to show the advisability of usage of selected renewable energy sources for domestic hot water (DHW) installations in buildings located in Poland and Spain. The analysis was conducted for a typical kindergarten, an example of buildings with high density of people and stable profile of usage, as opposed to schools which are closed during summer holidays. We took into account national regulations to estimate heat demand. Then applying solar collectors and heat pumps to use as a monovalent energy sources were considered. The total cost of the system with solar collectors in Poland was found to be 1.4 times higher than in Spain, whereas the difference in a case of air heat pumps was 18%. Moreover efficiency of solar collector and heat pump systems were found as 49.56% for Warsaw, 52.29% for Madrid with coefficient of performance (COP) 2.2 and 2.55 respectively, therefore simple payback time (SPBT) of investment was estimated in a range between 6–12 years for solar collectors and 5–6 years for heat pumps.
Highlights
In recent years, the member states of Europe Union have adopted one of the most restrictive and ambitious renewable energy policies in the world
By 2020 at least 20% of total energy needs in EU should be fulfilled with energy from the renewable sources, while by 2030 it should achieve at least 32%
The calculations were conducted for 170 occupants of the building and 10 hours of using domestic hot water during the day
Summary
The member states of Europe Union have adopted one of the most restrictive and ambitious renewable energy policies in the world. This policy is based on the Renewable Energy Directive [1] setting general rules for promotion and production of clean energy. In order to achieve these goals it is necessary to promote solar energy technologies They should be presented as modern energy saving measures, which need to be introduced when other forms of energy conservation in buildings have already been applied. In Poland, using of such systems like heat pumps is promoted as a way to significantly reduce the level of suspended particulate matter (PM 10), that usually arise from the combustion of low quality solid fuels in boilers or furnaces with a low emission standard [3]
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