Abstract

Infectious diseases, caused by the direct exposure of cellular or acellular pathogens, are found to be closely associated with multiple inflammation and immune responses, keeping one of the top threats to human health. As an indispensable trace element, Selenium (Se) plays important roles in antioxidant defence and redox state regulation along with a variety of specific metabolic pathways. In recent decades, with the development of novel nanotechnology, Selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) emerged as a promising agent for biomedical uses due to their low toxicity, degradability and high bioavailability. Taking the advantages of the strong ability to trigger apoptosis or autophagy by regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS), Se NPs have been widely used for direct anticancer treatments and pathogen killing/clearance in host cells. With excellent stability and drug encapsulation capacity, Se NPs are now serving as a kind of powerful nano-carriers for anti-cancer, anti-inflammation and anti-infection treatments. Notably, Se NPs are also found to play critical roles in immunity regulations, such as macrophage and T effector cell activation, which thus provides new possibilities to achieve novel nano-immune synergetic strategy for anti-cancer and anti-infection therapies. In this review, we summarized the progress of preparation methods for Se NPs, followed by the advances of their biological functions and mechanisms for biomedical uses, especially in the field of anti-infection treatments. Moreover, we further provide some prospects of Se NPs in anti-infectious diseases, which would be helpful for facilitating their future research progress for anti-infection therapy.

Highlights

  • Infectious diseases, induced by deadly pathogens like Covid-2019, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), are still major threat to public health with high infectivity and mortality worldwide

  • We summarize the methods of synthesis and bio-activity of Selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs), followed by the recent progress of Se NPs for antiinfection treatments, which are expected to facilitate their future research progress for anti-infection therapy

  • These results indicated that autophagy related to the self-production mechanisms of tumor cells was inhibited by Se NPs

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Summary

The Advancing of Selenium Nanoparticles Against Infectious Diseases

The Advancing of Selenium Nanoparticles Against Infectious Diseases. Taking the advantages of the strong ability to trigger apoptosis or autophagy by regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS), Se NPs have been widely used for direct anticancer treatments and pathogen killing/clearance in host cells. Se NPs are found to play critical roles in immunity regulations, such as macrophage and T effector cell activation, which provides new possibilities to achieve novel nano-immune synergetic strategy for anticancer and anti-infection therapies. We summarized the progress of preparation methods for Se NPs, followed by the advances of their biological functions and mechanisms for biomedical uses, especially in the field of anti-infection treatments. We further provide some prospects of Se NPs in anti-infectious diseases, which would be helpful for facilitating their future research progress for anti-infection therapy

INTRODUCTION
Selenium Nanoparticles Against Infectious Diseases
SYNTHESIS OF SELENIUM NANOPARTICLES
Hydrothermal Method for Selenium Nanoparticles Preparation
Selenium Nanoparticles Prepared by Template Method
Laser Ablation Method for Selenium Nanoparticles Preparation
Biosynthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles
BASIC BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF SELENIUM NANOPARTICLES
Selenium Nanoparticles Induced Cell Apoptosis
Selenium Nanoparticles Promoted Cell Autophagy
Drug Delivery by Selenium Nanoparticles
Immunomodulation of Selenium Nanoparticles
Antimicrobial and Antiviral Activity of Selenium Nanoparticles
Selenium Nanoparticles Induced Chemosensitization
Protective Effects of Selenium Nanoparticles
Intracellular Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Clearance by Selenium Nanoparticles
Selenium Nanoparticles Induced Influenza Virus Inhibition
Enterovirus Inhibition by Selenium Nanoparticles
Hepatitis Virus Suppression by Selenium Nanoparticles
Findings
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
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