Abstract
In this paper, the evolution and milestones of RFEH and related breakthroughs over the years are reviewed and presented. The review begins with an overview of the surging energy crisis due to the increasing demand for wireless communication devices. Furthermore, the RFEH mechanism that discusses the frequency bands utilized, the near field, and the far-field propagation are also presented. Various rectification techniques in CMOS RFEH, from the fundamental rectification method to cross-coupled-differential-drive (CCDD), are also examined and discussed. The performance is gauged through harvested output DC voltage and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) as well as the RF input power sensitivity. An assessment on the non-CMOS RFEH that includes the Schottky diode and Rectenna is also concisely described to analyze their contribution to RFEH’s performances enhancement. Finally, a particular highlight of the 5G RFEH in mmWave is provided in presenting this work as an ongoing future solution to reduce the electronic circuit’s battery dependency. The pros and cons of all the presented RFEHs are summarized and discussed as well. Continuous research and development activities are extensively being executed in developing a system that could ultimately solve the world’s energy crisis, and RFEH seems to be a revolutionary approach.
Highlights
In recent times, wireless communication systems have been rapidly progressing, especially with the initialization of the 5th Generation (5G) wireless communication
This review mainly focus on the alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) conversion mechanisms consisting of the rectifiers, voltage multipliers, and energy storage/load
Radio frequency energy harvester (RFEH) systems have been a promising innovation in resolving the global energy crisis, especially the battery usage of portable devices
Summary
Wireless communication systems have been rapidly progressing, especially with the initialization of the 5th Generation (5G) wireless communication. It is vital to minimize the power consumption of the connected electronic devices to increase their battery life since their frequent charging cycle can be significantly reduced [8]–[12]. Renewable energy harvesting is widely trending, especially radio frequency energy harvesting (RFEH) [13]–[18] This is because RFEH can be integrated as a single wireless communication system utilized by connected electronic devices. The RFEH systems are extensively researched and implemented in integrated circuits to enhance the systems’ efficiency and charge the batteries This contributes to minimizing the battery sizes in electronic devices and reduces its power consumption and frequent charging.
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