Abstract
Various models have been proposed for the adsorption of additives and impurities onto crystal surfaces. In this work an attempt is made to discriminate between two adsorption models for the case of bisphosphonate inhibitor adsorption at the gypsum crystal surface. One is the well-known model of Cabrera and Vermileya, where growth inhibition is assumed to be accomplished through a “stockade” of adsorbed inhibitor ions upon the smooth crystal surface, whereas the other model is based on preferential adsorption at the active growth sites. Using the bond energies in the gypsum crystal-solution interface derived in part I of this paper, the step spacing and the kink spacing along each step are calculated for each crystallographic step direction on each gypsum crystal face. Given the surface area ration of the various crystal faces, the minimum surface coverage with bisphosphonate inhibitor ions needed to block the growth of an entire gypsum crystal can also be calculated. The theoretical adsorption data predicted either from preferential adsorption at the kink sites or at the steps, or from random adsorption upon the terraces between the steps, are compared with the experimentally determined adsorption data. Both the step coverage model and the model of Cabrera and Vermileya agree quite well with the experimental adsorption data.
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