The Adrenocortical System Responds Slowly to Removal of Corticosterone in the Absence of Concurrent Stress*

Abstract

After removal of corticosteroid feedback by surgical or pharmacological adrenalectomy, plasma ACTH increases more rapidly than can be explained by changes in receptor-mediated gene expression. In aminoglutethimide-treated rats, plasma ACTH increased only at doses much higher than those inhibiting plasma corticosterone, suggesting that adrenal enzyme blockers may themselves be stressful. To determine the adrenocortical system response to stressless corticosterone removal, adrenalectomized rats maintained for 5 days on corticosterone in the drinking water were switched to steroid-free fluid (-B) or again given steroid (+B); additional rats were adrenalectomized (ADX). Plasma ACTH did not differ between -B and +B rats until 18-24 h after steroid removal, regardless of whether steroid was withdrawn at the circadian maximum or minimum. Plasma ACTH was similar between -B and ADX rats 0.5-14 days after corticosterone removal, although morning plasma ACTH was more stable in -B rats at 4-7 days. Evening plasma ACTH increased significantly after day 3 in ADX and -B rats. Unlike ADX rats, -B rats did not exhibit pituitary ACTH depletion at 12 and 24 h, but both -B and ADX groups had significantly elevated pituitary ACTH by 6.5 days. We conclude that 1) rapid increases in ACTH secretion after surgical or pharmacological adrenalectomy result from interaction between stress and loss of corticosteroid feedback; 2) no immediate interaction occurs between loss of feedback and circadian stimuli; and 3) the effects of steroid withdrawal may require at least 3 days to be stably expressed.