Abstract
Abstract: The European legislator adopted the new Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Directive with an aim to create an additional, attractive stairway to consumer justice. As such, the ADR Directive intends to encourage more consumers to invoke their consumer rights and thus strengthen consumer law enforcement. However, in order to realize the Commission’s goals, this stairway must also be able to be negotiated (i.e., it must be effective) and it must actually lead to consumer justice (it must be fair). This article questions whether the ADR Directive’s regime is appropriately designed to achieve these results and, consequently, to entice more consumers to claim their rights in the future. This assessment is conducted considering the potential impact of the ADR Directive on consumer behaviour, with respect to mitigating their ‘biases’ against the effectiveness of ADR procedures and their perception of fairness of ADR entities. I examine whether the ADR Directive is likely to eliminate or at least diminish such biases more than in the case of judicial procedures. Throughout this article, based on the analysis of consumer attitudes and beliefs towards ADR, I indicate where the ADR Directive fails to provide more or better regulation, arguing that, if these shortcomings are not corrected within national implementation regimes, the result may be that the ‘ADR stairway’ will contain holes that consumers may fall through during their climb towards justice. Résumé: C’est pour offrir aux consommateurs un nouvel acces, a leur avantage, a la justice, que la Commission europeenne a adopte la nouvelle Directive sur le reglement extrajudiciaire des litiges (REL). En ce sens, la Directive REL vise a encourager plus de consommateurs a faire valoir leurs droits et, par consequent, a renforcer la mise en oeuvre du droit de la consommation. Toutefois, pour atteindre les objectifs de la Commission, cette voie d’acces doit egalement pouvoir etre negociee (a savoir etre efficace) et mener reellement a la justice (a savoir etre juste). Cet article s’interroge sur la possibilite, pour le systeme mis en place par la Directive REL, tel qu’il est concu, d’atteindre ces resultats et, par consequent, d’encourager plus de consommateurs a faire valoir leurs droits. Sera prise en consideration l’influence que la Directive REL pourrait eventuellement avoir sur le comportement des consommateurs, compte tenu des reticences que ces derniers pourraient avoir a l’egard de l’efficacite des procedures REL et de l’impartialite des entites REL. On examinera si la Directive REL est plus a meme que les procedures judiciaires d’eliminer ou au moins de diminuer ces reticences. A travers cet article, egalement sur la base d’une analyse du comportement et des considerations des consommateurs face a la REL, seront souleves les points sur lesquels la Directive REL n’est pas en mesure d’offrir une plus grande ou une meilleure reglementation ; en effet, si ces points problematiques ne sont pas corriges dans le cadre de la transposition dans les ordres juridiques nationaux, le resultat pourrait etre que ‘la voie d’acces REL’ contienne des pieges susceptibles d’entraver l’acces des consommateurs a la justice.
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