Abstract
BackgroundAmong adipose-derived factors, adipocytokines play roles as hormones and signaling mediators for apoptotic pathway. Among of them, vaspin, regulates the metabolism of adipose tissue itself as an endocrine organ, and stimulates adipocytes to maturation, differentiation, etc. Damaged adipocytes, present in obesity and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) respond with over-production of inflammatory cytokines. Such pro-inflammatory stimulation remains under adipokine control. Pro-inflammatory pathways are connected to oxidative stress and apoptosis, reported as co-existing with an elevated level of some adipokines in cancer cell lines. However, some hormones, such as vaspin, reduce apoptosis, have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative roles in cancer cell lines.MethodsHep-3B cells were cytometrically evaluated under vaspin treatment for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosiss induction. The statistical significant changes to the untreated controls was calculated by T-tests (indicated at value p < 0.05).ResultsHere we studied the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in cells of HCC line Hep-3B after vaspin treatment. A decreased level of nitric oxide and superoxide anion 24 h after vaspin addition at 5 ng/ml was correlated with restricted, to the physiological level, apoptosis. A protective role of vaspin was displayed as enhanced cell viability and proliferation, which could be a poor prognostic in liver cancer.ConclusionsApoptosis was suppressed after vaspin treatment, together with low levels of nitric oxide and superoxide anions.
Highlights
Among adipose-derived factors, adipocytokines play roles as hormones and signaling mediators for apoptotic pathway
Some of the adipose tissue-derived hormones, like vaspin, protect p53 mutants against apoptosis activation [8], and the results presented in this study indicate a reduction of natural oxidative stress
Vaspin at 10 ng/ml reduced the frequency of total apoptotic cells significantly after 24 h, showing that a mechanism protecting cells against apoptosis was activated
Summary
Among adipose-derived factors, adipocytokines play roles as hormones and signaling mediators for apoptotic pathway. Present in obesity and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) respond with over-production of inflammatory cytokines Such pro-inflammatory stimulation remains under adipokine control. Pro-inflammatory pathways are connected to oxidative stress and apoptosis, reported as co-existing with an elevated level of some adipokines in cancer cell lines. Enhanced secretion of adipose-derived hormones termed adipokines or adipocytokines, like growth factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines, allows to focus on elements for studies of the pathogenesis of tumor growth, increased mobility and cell migration, and subsequently cancer metastasis [1, 2]. Studies of the molecular mechanisms of actions of cytokines were done on a model cell line Hep-3B, originated from hepatoma [5] This human HCC cell line has been reported as lacking a functional p53 gene, so different physiological pathways, especially p53-dependent, could be defective or disturbed in that cell line [8]. Long-term hormonal treatments with visceral adipose tissue-derived vaspin presented a wide spectrum of activities for that molecule [10]
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