Abstract
Large offshore wind farms are usually composed of several hundred individual wind turbines, each turbine having its own complex set of dynamics. The analysis of the dynamic interaction between wind turbine generators (WTG), interconnecting ac cables, and voltage-source converter (VSC)-based high voltage DC (HVDC) system is difficult because of the complexity and the scale of the entire system. The detailed modeling and modal analysis of a representative wind farm system reveal the presence of several critical resonant modes within the system. Several of these modes have frequencies close to harmonics of the power system frequency with poor damping. From a computational perspective, the aggregation of the physical model is necessary in order to reduce the degree of complexity to a practical level. This paper focuses on the present practices of the aggregation of the WTGs and the collection system, and their influence on the damping and frequency characteristics of the critical oscillatory modes. The effect of aggregation on the critical modes is discussed using modal analysis and dynamic simulation. The adequacy of aggregation method is discussed.
Highlights
L ARGE offshore wind farms are increasingly being installed to commercially harness wind energy.The operation of such large wind farms involve high voltage DC (HVDC) transmission to transport the power to shore; this is reportedly facing a major technical challenge with the AC waveform in the offshore wind farm becoming too distorted for the wind turbines to lock
A simulation model is developed for the aggregated wind farm system (AWS) and the analysis of critical modes is presented in Section III through eigenvalue analysis and participation factor (PF)
The order of the wind farm system is reduced by aggregating some of the wind turbine generators (WTG) and the collector system cables in order to analyze the consequences of aggregation on the critical modes of system resonance
Summary
L ARGE offshore wind farms are increasingly being installed to commercially harness wind energy.The operation of such large wind farms involve high voltage DC (HVDC) transmission to transport the power to shore; this is reportedly facing a major technical challenge with the AC waveform in the offshore wind farm becoming too distorted for the wind turbines to lock. The non-linear dynamic model developed contains 3436 ordinary differential equations and its linearised model had 1273 pairs of complex eigenvalues The analysis of such detailed and complex model by conventional method for transient and small signal stability study is impractical. A more appropriate approach for dynamic simulation of wind farm is to use aggregated model of WTGs and the collector system [2]. A simulation model is developed for the AWS and the analysis of critical modes is presented in Section III through eigenvalue analysis and participation factor (PF).
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