Abstract
Space-based photometric missions revealed a surprising abundance of millimagnitude-level additional modes in RR Lyrae stars. The modes that appear in the modulated fundamental-mode (RRab) stars can be ordered into four major categories. Here we present the distribution of these groups in the Petersen diagram, and discuss their characteristics and connections to additional modes observed in other RR Lyrae stars.
Highlights
RR Lyrae stars have been classified into three main categories based on the pulsation modes present in their light variations
In this paper we present our first results from a systematic survey of additional modes in RRab stars, based mostly on the early campaigns of the K2 mission of the Kepler space telescope
Additional modes were identified in a few more stars that were observed by CoRoT, the Konkoly Blazhko Survey, OGLE-IV and from Antarctica [5, 13,14,15,16], but most of the new detections originate from the K2 mission
Summary
RR Lyrae stars have been classified into three main categories based on the pulsation modes present in their light variations These classical Bailey classes are designated as RRab, RRc, and RRd for the fundamental-mode, firstovertone and double-mode stars, respectively. The RRc population, for example, has been extensively studied, and a new family of modes called 0.61-type, or fX modes was discovered These modes are strongly connected to the first radial overtone, and can be detected in both first-overtone and double-mode RR Lyrae and Cepheid stars. These new results strongly suggest that RRc and RRd stars should be considered as stars dominated by one or two radial modes, but are not, single- and double-mode stars It seems that at least four main groups can be recognized, by splitting the RRab group into two subgroups: the truly single-mode, and the modulated-multimode types [2]. Because of the resonance, the mode itself is usually not directly observable, but the strongest signature of the bifurcation, the half-integer peak at ≈ 3/2 f0, appears within the search range of our investigation
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