Abstract
BackgroundSoybean is termed a functional food because it contains bioactive compounds. However, its effects are not well known under unbalanced diet conditions. This work is aimed at evaluating the effect of adding whole soy flour to a cafeteria diet on intestinal histomorphometry, metabolic risk and toxicity markers in rats.MethodsIn this study, 30 male adult Wistar rats were used, distributed among three groups (n = 10): AIN-93 M diet, cafeteria diet (CAF) and cafeteria diet with soy flour (CAFS), for 56 days. The following parameters were measured: food intake; weight gain; serum concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-c, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), aspartate (AST) and alanine (ALT) aminotransferases and Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS); humidity and lipid fecal content; weight and fat of the liver. The villous height, the crypt depth and the thickness of the duodenal and ileal circular and longitudinal muscle layers of the animals were also measured.ResultsThere was a significant reduction in the food intake in the CAF group. The CAFS showed lower serum concentrations of triglycerides and serum TBARS and a lower percentage of hepatic fat, with a corresponding increase in thickness of the intestinal muscle layers. In the CAF group, an increase in the HbA1c, ALT, lipid excretion, liver TBARS and crypt depth, was observed associated with lower HDL-c and villous height. The addition of soy did not promote any change in these parameters.ConclusionsThe inclusion of whole soy flour in a high-fat diet may be helpful in reducing some markers of metabolic risk; however, more studies are required to clarify its effects on unbalanced diets.
Highlights
Soybean is termed a functional food because it contains bioactive compounds
The weight gained by the animals did not differ between the groups; the total food consumption of the animals was lower (p < 0.05) in the groups fed on the cafeteria diet, CAF (+) and caferia diet with whole soybean flour (CAFS) compared with the negative control group, AIN-93 M (−)
The serum triglyceride levels did not differ between the groups CAF controls (+) and AIN-93 M (−), they were lower (p
Summary
Soybean is termed a functional food because it contains bioactive compounds. its effects are not well known under unbalanced diet conditions. This work is aimed at evaluating the effect of adding whole soy flour to a cafeteria diet on intestinal histomorphometry, metabolic risk and toxicity markers in rats. In the CAF group, an increase in the HbA1c, ALT, lipid excretion, liver TBARS and crypt depth, was observed associated with lower HDL-c and villous height. Conclusions: The inclusion of whole soy flour in a high-fat diet may be helpful in reducing some markers of metabolic risk; more studies are required to clarify its effects on unbalanced diets. Obesity has become a major public health problem worldwide It is followed by a significantly higher risk of developing chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. The cafeteria diet is a robust experimental model of human metabolic syndrome, capable of inducing obesity, glucose intolerance and inflammation in rats [4]
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