Abstract
The Gulf of California hermit crab, Clibanarius digueti, forms discrete clusters at low tide consisting of as many as 700 individuals. To determine the adaptive value of clustering, hypotheses concerning resistance to strong currents, cold, and desiccation were evaluated experimentally. In addition, field observations of mating, shell exchange, grazing, and predator avoidance were made. Results suggest that aggregation improves survivorship of extreme cold and desiccation. When cover is lacking, clusters may also enable C. digueti to resist displacement by strong currents. Field experiments using empty, tagged shells also indicate a possible shell exchange role.
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