The acute impact of an ultramarathon on right heart: A 12-lead ECG study.

Abstract

Some concerns exist about possible detrimental effects on cardiac function of ultra-endurance competitions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effects of an ultramarathon by comparing pre- and post-race 12-lead ECG features. A total of 301 competitive athletes (mean age: 48±9years) running a 50-km ultramarathon were analyzed. Twelve-lead ECG was collected the day before the race and immediately at the finish line. According to the Italian law, athletes could have participated only after undergoing pre-participation screening that ruled out the presence of an underlying heart disease. After the race a significant increase in P-wave voltage (P<.001) and P-wave duration (P<.001) was found as compared to pre-race data with a higher percentage of athletes fulfilling the ECG criteria for right atrial enlargement (RAE; from 3% to 17%, P<.001). The presence of RAE post-race significantly correlated with age, hours of training/week, and years of training and inversely with time at the finish line and the final position in the ranking. T-wave and R-wave amplitude (P<.001) and QTc-interval duration (P<.001) significantly increased after the race. No significant differences in terms of supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias were found. A sizeable proportion of athletes running a 50-km ultramarathon demonstrated post-race ECG signs of right heart overload but no arrhythmias. This finding supports the hypothesis that ultra-endurance races may induce transient right heart overload.