Abstract
BackgroundThis systematic review aimed to collect the relevant historical and current literature to produce an informed analysis of the acute effects on cardiorespiratory and haematological factors following whole blood donation (~ 470 ml) during exercise. Testing the hypothesises that blood donation produces either no changes (Null) or produces significant changes (alternate) in haematology, , heart rate, exercising power and time.MethodsFour databases of medical and science orientations were searched with terms sensitive to connections regarding exercise, blood donation (400–500 ml)/haematology, , heart rate, exercising power and time. The study retrieval process utilised the PRISMA approach and selection was via an adapted scoring method according to the Consensus based Standards for the selection of health Measurements Instruments (COSMIN). Systematic review focused on 24–48 hrs post donation. Details of the PRSIMA checklist can be found in the accompanying online document.ResultsFollowing scrutiny of 48 research papers by two independent assessors 8 experimental studies were included. Four studies showed a mean reduction for difference in (- 2.4 ± 1.4 ml∙kg-1∙min-1) and a medium effect size (-0.26). No statistical significance was present at the mean meta-analysis level, also the case for heart rate, time to exhaustion and power. A mean reduction was seen in haemoglobin (- 1.05 g.dL-1), haematocrit (- 3.71%) and red blood cells (- 0.44 Mio μL-1), very large effect size was observed (Cohen’s d, -0.75, -1.16 and -4.23 respectively) and statistical significance (95% CI, -2.04, -0.54; -4.59, 2.28 and -4.37, -4.10 respectively).ConclusionAlthough individual studies show that Is reduced from blood donation pooled results show that is indeed not significantly reduced from blood donation 24–48 hrs post donation. Additionally sub-maximally there isn’t enough data to produce substantial comparatives. Furthermore, this systematic review demonstrates that there are not enough high-quality studies regarding cardiorespiratory outcomes following blood donation.
Highlights
In the UK ~ 470 ml of blood is collected from donating a single unit [1] with blood transfusions distributed to treat medical conditions including cancer, anaemia and blood disorders, be used in surgery, including emergency and cardiac and for blood loss following child birth
Four databases of medical and science orientations were searched with terms sensitive to connections regarding exercise, blood donation (400–500 ml)/haematology, V_O2, heart rate, exercising power and time
Systematic review focused on 24–48 hrs post donation
Summary
In the UK ~ 470 ml of blood is collected from donating a single unit [1] with blood transfusions distributed to treat medical conditions including cancer, anaemia and blood disorders, be used in surgery, including emergency and cardiac and for blood loss following child birth. An additional population group who are potentially contributing to this decline are the sport enthusiasts and recreational/professional athletes, who may be concerned about the effect of BD on their performance [6]. Concerns regarding BD affecting athletic performance were noted in the mid 1900’s where Springfield College, Massachusetts ruled that no man could be a blood donor while participating in varsity sport, due to reported unfavourable effects following BD such as wrestlers collapsing after competition and endurance lost in other athletes [7]. Where exercise is concerned, according to NHS Blood and Transplant [10] and American Red Cross [9], prudence should be executed immediately after blood donation. This systematic review aimed to collect the relevant historical and current literature to produce an informed analysis of the acute effects on cardiorespiratory and haematological factors following whole blood donation (~ 470 ml) during exercise. Testing the hypothesises that blood donation produces either no changes (Null) or produces significant changes (alternate) in haematology, V_ O2, heart rate, exercising power and time
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