Abstract
The paper provides an overview of our findings on acute balance adjustments while performing different forms of sensorimotor exercise, as well as its adaptive changes due to systematic training programs in various population. Postural stability was evaluated under both static and dynamic conditions using either wobble board or antero-posterior and mediolateral randomly moving platform. The COP velocity was registered at 100 Hz by means of posturography system FiTRO Sway check based on dynamometric platform. Results showed improvement of balance after all sensorimotor exercises applied, i.e. serial mechanical proprioceptive stimulation in older women, task-oriented proprioceptive exercise in untrained individuals, combined agility-balance exercises in elite basketball players, and instability resistance exercises in athletes with previous ACL injury. However, both acute adjustments and adaptive changes of balance have been found to depend on exercise mode used. Therefore, further studies are needed to provide scientific guidelines which one is the most effective and appropriate for related population. Nevertheless, sensorimotor exercises represent an efficient means for enhancement of neuromuscular performance enabling maintenance of balance under static and dynamic conditions. It may be of potential use also for prevention and/or rehabilitation of injuries.
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