The activity of proteolytic enzymes and their inhibitors in the oral mucosa of healthy people and patients with symptoms of acute respiratory viral infections

Abstract

Introduction.The paper considers the use of secretory fluid of the oral cavity as an object for the prognosis and diagnosis of many diseases, and the evaluation of the effectiveness of therapy due to security and the ease of its receipt, which, with the widespread spread of viral diseases, is of great practical importance. The rotundous secret (mixed saliva) has a multicomponent biochemical composition and contains various substances of protein nature, in particular enzymes of different specificity of action. Proteinases play a decisive role in the release of mediators of inflammatory and allergic reactions – histamine and kinins, which increase the permeability of capillaries, cause itching, swelling, erythema, and enhance the migration of white blood cells. A special role in these processes belongs to proteinase inhibitors, which, when inflammatory and allergic reactions play a protective reaction.The aim of the study– to use the biochemical parameters as prognostic criteria and the efficacy of treatment of influenza patients and other acute respiratory viral infections (ARIs) on the basis of determination in the oral secretion of the total activity of proteolytic enzymes, trypsin-like proteinases and their inhibitors, as well as protein content.Research Methods. We used biochemical and statistical methods of research.67 peoplewereexamined, 46 among themwerepracticallyhealthypeople (controlgroup) and 21 people, withacute respiratory viral infectionsonthe 3rd–7thdayaftertheonsetofthedisease. Patients were divided into 3 age groups.Results and Discussion.In the oral liquid of practically healthy people aged 18 to 50 years, the content of the trypsin-like proteinase inhibitor was almost identical and amounted to 29.30 ± 1.98 units/ml. In the group of patients in the age group 3 (from 51 years of age and older), the inhibitor content increased to 32.15 ± 2.31 units/ml and the proteinase activity decreased to 0.012 ± 0.001 units/ml.Conclusions. Patients with symptoms of acute respiratory viral infections showed an increase in the content of trypsin-like proteinase inhibitors aged 18 to 30 years, while in the older age group (over 50 years), the inhibitor activity decreased. There was an increase in the activity of trypsin-like proteinases in the age group 2 (30–50 years).