Abstract
In accordance with the requirements of PN EN 13201-5 standard for road lighting installation, energy performance indicators should be descripted. In order to calculate energy performance indicators, it is necessary to know the active power of the road lighting system. The above standard does not specify whether active power losses should be taken into account in calculations. The main purpose of the article is to estimate the active power losses in the road lighting installation. The article presents methods for calculating active power losses, taking into account losses in all main elements of the installation. The obtained calculation results show the relationship between active power losses and the power of luminaires, their number and spacing between poles. Calculations of active power losses were made for single-phase and three-phase installations. The active power losses in a three-phase system do not exceed 1.5% and in a single-phase installation they may be greater than 7%. Therefore, in order to obtain exact values of energy performance indicators (and also predict electricity consumption), active power losses should be taken into account in calculations. In addition, a comparative analysis of the effect of luminaires dimming and active power losses on annual CO2 emissions was made. Not taking into account the active power losses in the calculation of the lighting installation’s power, for single-phase installations in particular, understates the calculated value of CO2 emissions by more than 6%.
Highlights
In each electrical installation, the losses of active power occur due to the current flowing through the components of the system with a certain resistance and reactance
It seems that the active power losses in the power supply can be taken as a component of the Pad, as the power supply of the luminaires together with the safety devices and connectors is essential for the operation of the lighting system
In order to present the methods of calculation of power losses in the road lighting installation described in Section 3, calculations for three luminaires with adjustable luminous flux were made
Summary
The losses of active power occur due to the current flowing through the components of the system with a certain resistance and reactance. The power losses are caused by the flow of active and reactive power in the wires and cables, in the protection devices, in the executing components (contacts), etc. The active power losses will worsen the actual energy efficiency of the installation, because they are not included in the calculations. In order to obtain a more accurate determination of power losses, the physical phenomena occurring within a given network elements are taken into account. Electricity power losses may significantly affect their efficiency, e.g., luminaires working in road lighting
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