The Act of Diminishing the RTRAF Expression in Benign Thyroid Tissues Represents a Potential Method for Impeding the Progression of Malignancy in Cells

Abstract

Background: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer, and women are almost three times more likely to develop it than men. Objectives: The etiology of thyroid cancer at the genetic level remains elusive. However, a potential involvement of the RNA Transcription, Translation, and Transport Factor (RTRAF) gene in the pathogenesis of this malignancy has been postulated. This gene has been shown to govern the expression of proteins that exert regulatory effects on the transition from the G1 to S phase of the cell cycle. Methods: For this study, 22 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) tissues and 22 healthy tissues were collected. Additionally, 10 benign goiter tissues and 10 healthy tissues were gathered. RNA molecules were fixed, and complementary DNA (cDNA) was produced. Specific primers were used to measure the RTRAF gene expression. Statistical analysis was conducted using REST 2009 software. Results: Upon assessing the quality and quantity of RNA, it was ascertained that the extracted RNA molecules exhibited minimal damage and were found to be appropriately concentrated for cDNA production. The amplification of the RTRAF gene was carried out accurately, as evidenced by the melting curve. A noteworthy decline in the RTRAF gene expression was detected in the benign goiter tissue compared to the adjacent healthy tissue, with a relative expression of 0.154 and a statistical value of P = 0.002. Conversely, there was no significant difference in the RTRAF gene expression between PTC and the adjacent healthy tissue, with a P-value of 0.808. Conclusions: The reduced RTRAF gene expression in benign thyroid tumors may hinder cancer cell growth, as no difference was observed between malignant PTC tumor tissues and their healthy tissues.