The accuracy of estimating calcium, sodium and potassium intake with a food record

Kirsti Uusi-Rasi,Mikael Fogelholm,Matti Pasanen,Arja Nenonen

doi:10.3402/fnr.v43i0.1768

Kirsti Uusi-Rasi, Mikael Fogelholm + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v43i0.1768

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Abstract

The underreporting of energy intake by food recording is well known, but less is known about accuracy of micronutrient assessment by food records. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the underreporting of calcium, sodium and potassium intake is associated with energy underreporting as assessed by food diary. The subjects were 94 healthy, non-smoking premenopausal women. They kept a 3-day food diary. The mean basal metabolic rate (BMR) was estimated by the equation of FAO/WHO/UNU. The ratio of BMR to reported energy intake (EI) was calculated, the selected limit for underreporting being 1.27. During the last day of the recording period the participants collected a 24-hour urine sample by which the electrolyte excretion was assessed and used as the criterion for the accuracy of the food recording. The ratio between excretion and intake (EIR) was calculated as the percentage of the intake. The average daily intakes of all the nutrients were lower for the low energy reporters (LER±1.27 * BMR) than for the control reporters (CR>1.27 * BMR). The total median EI was 6430 kJ/d compared with 8989 kJ/d (P

Highlights

Measuring the dietary intake of free living people generally relies on self-reporting, which, for the most part, is the only reasonable method to use
The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the underreporting of calcium, sodium and potassium intake is associated with energy underreporting as assessed by food records
Twenty-five (27%) subjects reported their energy intake to be below the ratio (EIIBMR) selected as the limit of underreporting (1.27 * basal metabolic rate (BMR))

Summary

Introduction

Measuring the dietary intake of free living people generally relies on self-reporting, which, for the most part, is the only reasonable method to use. Several studies have examined the association between energy expenditure and reported energy intake, and they have established a systematic energy underreporting. Those of normal weight, and even lean, athletic women underreport their energy intake or eat less as usually during food recording [1,2,3]. In contrast to energy underreporting, less is known about the accuracy of assessing mineral intake by food record. The results of the association between calcium intake and bone mass are contradictory [4,5]. One reason could be that calcium intake is difficult to estimate accurately [5]. Kirsti ~ u s i - ~ a sPih'.D., Mikael ~ o ~ elhol rSnc'.D.,

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