The Abundance and Diversity of Grasshopper (Orthoptera) in Batu City, East Java

Abstract

Grasshoppers belong to the order Orthoptera in the insect class. The Orthoptera order is divided into two major suborders, namely Ensifera and Caelifera. Most grasshopper species play a role as herbivores and are a good source of protein for other animals The abundance and diversity of grasshoppers are more stable in an ecosystem with less disturbance and vice versa. The factors that influence the diversity of grasshoppers include ecological factors such as vegetation structure, atmospheric temperature, relative humidity. This study aims to analyze the abundance and diversity of grasshopper communities (Orthoptera) in Batu City, East Java. There are four research locations, namely Tahura R. Soerjo Cangar, Sumbergondo Village, Coban Talun, Junrejo District. Measurement of biotic and abiotic factors in grasshopper habitat (orthoptera), data analysis using the Shannon Wiener diversity index (H'), Importance Value Index (IVI), and biplot analysis. The results showed that the total number of grasshoppers in the ecosystem found was 754 individuals divided into 11 species, 2 families, and 7 subfamilies from Caelifera. Meanwhile, 201 individuals were found in the type of Ensifera, which were divided into 4 species from 2 families and 2 subfamilies. This study concludes that the species diversity of grasshoppers in several ecosystems in Batu City in the suborder Caelifera with the highest diversity is at the Junrejo location. Whereas in the suborder Ensifera the highest diversity was in the Sumbergondo location. The vegetation area has an influence on the diversity of grasshoppers both from the two suborders. The reduction in natural habitat for grasshoppers due to a large number of land uses by humans also has a negative impact on the sustainability of grasshoppers. Environmental factors affect the abundance and diversity of insects including grasshoppers, the response of each type of grasshopper to environmental characteristics affects their existence in a habitat.