The Absence of Thyroid Disease in an Australian Hepatitis C Cohort Treated With Triple Combination Therapy: A Paradigm Shift

Abstract

To assess the prevalence of thyroid disease in triple combination therapy with interferon (IFN)-α, ribavirin (RBV), and protease inhibitors (boceprevir and telaprevir) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in an Australian hepatitis C cohort. Also, to compare with those who received dual RBV and IFN in the past. A preliminary, retrospective, and nested case control study of thyroid disease in patients who underwent triple combination therapy for chronic HCV infection compared with dual therapy at a major tertiary referral hospital center. Fifty-nine patients were treated with such therapy at the Hunter New England Area Hepatitis C Treatment Center. Of these, 38 were treated with boceprevir and 21 with telaprevir. All had genotype 1 HCV infection. The main outcome measures included (1) the prevalence of thyroid disease (TD), including hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, and (2) thyroid outcome comparison with patients who had received dual therapy. There was no case of TD detected for the entire duration of therapy with triple anti-HCV therapy. There was a significant absence of TD in the protease inhibitor-treated group. No case of TD was detected during the treatment of HCV patients with protease inhibitor-based triple therapy. The reasons for this are unclear. Larger studies are necessary to confirm this finding.