Abstract
Almost all dentifrices contain abrasives to assist in cleaning the teeth and some of the essential requirements of such abrasives are described. The wear resistance of dental tissues under hard and soft abrasives is discussed in relation to the appearance of a critical size effect and the degree of brittle fracture associated with the abrasion. The influence of the relative hardness of enamel to abrasive on the transition from “hard” to “soft” abrasion is examined and compared with that of metals. Using a radiotracer technique and a machine to simulate oral brushing, a study of the rates of wear of enamel and dentine and their inter-relationship with brush fibre geometry and dentifrice concentration has been made. The significance of these factors in dentifrice testing and formulation is discussed. It is shown that dental tissues exhibit marked transient wear phenomena. Some current experiments are described in which it is hoped to be able to determine the absolute rates of human tissue wear under in vivo conditions.
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