The 50th anniversary of International Geophysical Year (1957–1958): from the First International Polar Year (1882–1883) to the International Heliophysical Year (2007–2008) and International Polar Year (2007–2009)

Abstract

The history of organization and performance of the largest international scientific projects—the first International Polar Year (1882–1883), the second International Polar Year (1932–1933), and the International Geophysical Year (1957–1958)—and the significance of these projects for the development of geophysical studies in our country are briefly considered.