The 2020 Activity of Kamchatkan Volcanoes and Danger to Aviation

Olga Girina,Sorokin Aleksei,Romanova Iraida,Melnikov Dmitry,Nuzhdaev Anton,Manevich Alexander,Loupian Evgenii

doi:10.5194/egusphere-egu21-1448

Abstract

&lt;p&gt;Strong explosive eruptions of volcanoes are the most dangerous for aircraft because they can produce in a few hours or days to the atmosphere and the stratosphere till several cubic kilometers of volcanic ash and aerosols. Ash plumes and the clouds, depending on the power of the eruption, the strength and wind speed, can travel thousands of kilometers from the volcano for several days, remaining hazardous to aircraft, as the melting temperature of small particles of ash below the operating temperature of jet engines.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;There are 30 active volcanoes in the Kamchatka, and several of them are continuously active. Scientists of KVERT monitor Kamchatkan volcanoes since 1993. In 2020, four of these volcanoes (Sheveluch, Klyuchevskoy, Bezymianny, and Karymsky) had strong and moderate explosive eruptions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The eruptive activity of Sheveluch volcano began since 1980 (growth of the lava dome) and it is continuing at present. In 2020, strong explosions sent ash up to 7-10 km a.s.l. on 08 April, and 22 and 29 December. Ash from explosions rose up to 5-6 km a.s.l. on 13 June, and 24 December. Ash plumes extended more 625 km mainly to the south-east of the volcano. A form of resuspended ash was observed on 20 April, 28 June, 24 August, and 07-10 October: ash plumes extended for 310 km to the northeast and southeast of the volcano. Activity of Sheveluch was dangerous to international and local aviation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Two moderate explosive-effusive eruptions of Klyuchevskoy volcano occurred in 2020: first from 01 November 2019 till 03 July 2020, and second from 30 September, it is continuing in 2021. Explosions sent ash up to 7 km a.s.l., gas-steam plumes containing some amount of ash extended for 465 km to the different directions of the volcano. The lava flows moved along Apakhonchichsky and Kozyrevsky chutes. Activity of the volcano was dangerous to local aviation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The strong explosive eruption of Bezymianny volcano occurred on 21 October: explosions sent ash up to 11 km a.s.l., the large ash cloud was located over Klyuchevskoy group of volcanoes long time and later drifted up to1200 km to the southeast of the volcano. Activity of the volcano was dangerous to international and local aviation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Eruptive activity of Karymsky volcano was uneven in 2020: ash explosions were observed from one (June) to seven (October) days a month, for five months the volcano was quiet. Explosions rose ash up to 8 km a.s.l. (08 November), ash plumes and clouds drifted for 380 km to the different directions of the volcano. The eruptive volcanic activity was observed in April, May, June, July, October, November, and December. Activity of Karymsky was dangerous to international and local aviation.&lt;/p&gt;

Highlights

Strong explosive eruption of volcanoes is the most dangerous for aircraft because in a few hours or days in the atmosphere and the stratosphere can produce about several cubic kilometers of volcanic ash and aerosols
10-12 km a.s.l. and ash plumes extended to the different directions of the volcano according to cyclonic activity in the this area
Two explosive eruptions occurred on March 08 and September 01: ash plumes rose up to 8-12 km a.s.l. and extended about 1500 km to the east-north-east of the volcano (Girina et al, 2014)

Summary

Introduction

Strong explosive eruption of volcanoes is the most dangerous for aircraft because in a few hours or days in the atmosphere and the stratosphere can produce about several cubic kilometers of volcanic ash and aerosols. The eruptive activity of Sheveluch Volcano began since 1980 (growth of the lava dome) and is continuing at present. Strong explosive events of the volcano occurred in 2012: on January 22-23; on March 16-17; March 25-30 – June 03; and on September 18: ash plumes rose up to 10 km a.s.l. and extended about 200-2000 km to the different directions of the volcano; and in 2013: on June 26, on October 18, and on December 03 and 28: ash plumes rose up to 10 km a.s.l. and extended about 200-500 km, respectively, to the south-west, southsoutheast, and north of the volcano (Girina et al, 2014, 2014a, 2014c).

Results

Conclusion