Abstract
<p>Celem artykułu jest analiza kryzysu migracyjnego w UE z 2015 roku z perspektywy niestandardowych problemów bezpieczeństwa. Podstawę rozważań stanowi teza, zgodnie z którą fala imigracji do UE, ze względu na dynamikę i skalę, stanowiła nie tylko wyzwanie humanitarne czy problem społeczny ale również zagrożenie dla bezpieczeństwa. Zgodnie bowiem z koncepcją niestandardowych problemów bezpieczeństwa, zjawiska takie jak nielegalna migracja, choroby zakaźne czy braki żywności, które do niedawna jedynie pośrednio wpływały na jego poziom, stanowią obecnie bezpośrednie zagrożenie dla przetrwania i rozwoju państw.</p>
Highlights
The old Chinese proverb says: ‘May you live in interesting times,’ but it is not a ‘good luck’ wish, but rather a curse based on a perception of change as a threat to stable, predictable, and peaceful times, what might be described as a time of crisis
At the European Union (EU) level, the actions taken to solve the migration crisis concentrated on four issues: physical influx of immigrants, the problems of EU external border protection, asylum procedures according to Common European Asylum System (CEAS), and maintenance of the internal free movement of people granted by the Schengen Agreement
The study was devoted to an analysis of the EU migration crisis from the perspective of the concept of non-traditional security
Summary
The old Chinese proverb says: ‘May you live in interesting times,’ but it is not a ‘good luck’ wish, but rather a curse based on a perception of change as a threat to stable, predictable, and peaceful times, what might be described as a time of crisis. The literature on NTS argues that non-traditional security challenges such as climate change, resource scarcity, infectious diseases, natural disasters, illegal migrations, food shortages, people smuggling, drug trafficking and transnational crime,[15] have a non-military source but can, under specific conditions, be transformed into direct security threats While this is not a completely new discovery – according to Mely Caballero-Anthony, the NTS concept “shares conceptual spaces”[16] with comprehensive and human security – the NTS concept adds some new elements to those approaches. The transnational character of the migration crisis can be illustrated by growing problems with the effective identification and determination of their status and appropriate protection Their multiple identities, lack of identification with a single state or ethnicity, and reliance on family and friends rather than official institutions in host countries make it difficult to control and manage the huge inflows of people. It is symptomatic that the states confronted with security problems are more eager to take decisive actions than those confronted only with humanitarian challenges
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