The 1983 Akita-Oki Earthquake (M W = 7.8) and Its Implications for Systematics of Subduction Earthquakes

Abstract

The source parameters of the May 26, 1983, earthquake off the coast of Akita prefecture (02h59m59.6sUT, 40.462°N, 139.102°E, 24 km, m b = 6.8, M S = 7.7) determined from long-period surface waves are: 1st nodal plane; dip = 30° (E21°S), slip angle = 115°; 2nd nodal plane; dip = 63° (W7°S), slip angle = 76°; Seismic moment = 5.9 × 1027 dyne cm (M W = 7.8). This mechanism is consistent with a plate model, recently suggested by several investigators, that places the boundary between the Eurasian and North American plates along the Japan Sea Coast of Honshu Island, Japan. Within the framework of this model, Honshu, Hokkaido and Sakhalin reside on the North American plate, and the Akita-Oki event represents subduction of the Eurasian plate beneath the North American Plate. The convergence rate V between the North American and Eurasia plates is 1.1 cm/year along the Japan Sea Coast of Honshu and the age T of the plate being subducted is estimated to be about 20 M years. For these values of V and T, a previously determined empirical relation between earthquake magnitude, convergence rate and plate age for large earthquakes at subduction zones predicts a magnitude (M W) of 8.0 which agrees very well with that of the Akita-Oki earthquake. This good agreement between the observed and predicted values of M W suggests that the empirical relation is valid for subduction zones with very small T and V such as the Juan de Fuca subduction zone, Pacific Northwest, for which V = 3 to 4 cm/year, T = 10 to 15 M years and M W = 8.4 has been estimated.