Abstract
This article details the unfolding of a crisis in late Ottoman Pales-tine where a countrywide mobilization, led by the notables, was trig-gered bythe discovery of secret excavations directly under the Dome of the Rock by a British exploration team with the complicity of some Ottoman officials. All social classes, educated and non-educated, Chris-tians and Muslims, were galvanized by the perceived violation of the Haram al-Sharif, a fact the author sees as indicative of the emergence of a distinct Palestinian (as opposed to Arab or Ottoman) identity. In ad-dition to demonstrating the importance of the Haram and Jerusalem to Palestinians of all religions, the incident also highlights certain ele-ments that are not absent from the present situation: the population's deep mistrust of the West and its fears of Zionist-Western collusion and threats to religious integrity.
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