Abstract
At an assembly in Frankfurt am Main in 1603, representatives of the most important Jewish communities in Germany adopted a range of ordinances, including a draft for a common autonomous Jewish jurisdiction Later these ordinances were the basis for a trial for high treason Emperor Rudolf II conducted against the Jews in Germany for the crimes of conspiracy and lese—majesty. New archival material shows that the informer of the ordinances was not a Jewish butcher as generally believed until now but a court Jew avant la lettre. Starting from this new insight the article discusses the circumstances of the Frankfurt assembly, its prehistory, context and results and devotes particular attention to the role of the Frankfurt community. Finally, it situates the Frankfurt community within the political structure of the Holy Roman Empire.
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