Abstract
This article addresses the relationships between jihad and the legitimacy of Muslim polities, with a focus on the 1538 peace treaty between the Waṭṭāsid sultan of Morocco and the king of Portugal. A close examination of contemporary documents reveals that both the sultan and his vassals of the frontier shared the same interests in securing the treaty. However, when the sultan tried to strengthen control over the frontier to the detriment of his vassals on the pretence of the treaty’s implementation, the latter used jihad as a pretext to legitimize their rebellion against the sultan. Their conflict had grave consequences for the ensuing political upheaval of Morocco.
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