Abstract
A combined field and laboratory trial to investigate the thaumasite form of sulfate attack (TSA) in buried concrete was instigated by BRE in 1998 following the discovery of several cases of TSA in UK below-ground construction. Two identical sets of 98 concrete specimens were buried in sulfate-bearing Lower Lias Clay at a site in Central England. The first set of specimens was excavated in June 2001, after three years. The other set will be excavated after 10 years. A further similar assemblage has been subjected in the laboratory at 5 °C to a sulfate solution which simulates the site groundwater. Each set contains specimens with a range of quality and composition, mixes including combinations of eight binder types and four aggregate types, including limestone and siliceous aggregate. After three years, identical concretes have generally behaved similarly in the field and laboratory studies, with a range of sulfate attack from none to moderate surface attack, dependent on concrete quality and composition. XRD analysis has shown the dominant form of sulfate attack to be TSA.
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