Abstract
Thamnocephalus chacosaltensis, a new species of fairy shrimp, was found in a temporary turbid pond in the Rivadavia Department, Salta province, Argentina (24º13'19.3''S; 62º 52'14.3''W), belonging to the Chaco salteño. The males present a well developed frontal appendage. Their First (FB) and Third (TB) branches show features diagnostic for the species. FB shows three sub-branches; the most proximal one is coiled, lacks spines all along, gradually thins in distal direction and flattens in the distal half; distally, the flattened portion is folded and ends blunt, bearing a small spine at the tip. TB is a broad-based triangular, thin, much flattened and folded outgrowth, with a small spine at the apex. Male genital and abdominal segments lack medio-ventral spines near their posterior margins. Comparisons with the other species of the genus are established.
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